METAL FORMING
Metals and alloys have the largest share in the manufacturing sector. Metallic materials, including metals and alloys such as steel, cast iron, aluminum, copper, zinc, titanium, nickel, generally have good thermal and electrical conductivity. These materials, which have easy formability and impact resistance, find their place in the sector in the form of alloys composed of metal mixtures in order to provide a certain improvement and to get better properties besides the use of pure metals.
The final shape of the material to be shaped, dimensions, dimensional tolerances, the number and properties of the part to be made are the important factors in the selection of forming methods.
According to its process, metal forming methods can be classified into two categories as: “Machining Methods“ and “Chipless Machining Methods“.
Machining methods are methods of shaping the material by removing chips from the material. In this method, there is a mass loss between the entering product and the resultant product. In the most general approach, machining methods are sub-classified as: turning, milling, boring, cutting, planing and grinding.
In chipless machining method, no chip is removed from the material to be processed (spinning, forging, casting, ...). Instead, the forming process is generally made by taking advantage of the mechanical properties of the material. Chipless manufacturing methods according to the physical condition of the material to be processed can be divided in two sub-categories as: hot work and cold work manufacturing methods.
Some of the hot work methods are: casting, hot forging, hot drawing, hot rolling, welding and neck spinning.
As cold work methods; cold rolling, spinning, deep drawing, cold forging, cold drawing, various sheet and pipe forming methods can be given as examples.
The spinning method has techniques involved in both hot forming and cold forming.